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3L4D ─ 動漫美學新世紀 - 陸蓉之
  3L4D ─ 3rd Life 4th Dimension - Victoria Lu
   
藝術的人本主義 - 金善姬
  The Humanism in Art - Kim Sunhee
 
 
 
3L4D ─ 動漫美學新世紀
 

我第一次提出動漫新美學的概念,是在臺北當代藝術館2004年舉辦的《虛擬的愛》大展。後來我陸續在杭州、北京做了三個不同版本的系列展出,2006年在上海當代藝術館又做了一次《虛擬的愛》,然後展覽巡迴到新加坡美術館,之後再一次重新組合,今年春季到法國兩個城市展出的《Animanga》,目前比臺北國父紀念館早幾天在上海當代藝術館開幕的《動漫美學雙年展》,到這次我重返臺北策畫的《3L4D:動漫美學新世紀》大展,就已經是三年以來第十個版本了。每一次展覽內容都有所變化,像有機的生命體一般,成長的本身就是變化,因為變化,才能成長。

從2004年起步的動漫美學(Animamix=Animation+Comics)系列展覽,是本人持續推廣的研究展,2006年在上海當代藝術館出版的專輯文章裡指出了21世紀動漫新美學具有四種特徵:
首先是大眾流行文化中大量多樣化的動漫美學形式的形像,都圍繞著對青春的崇拜。追求理想化的青春美,不僅是動畫、卡通、漫畫裡虛擬角色塑造的問題,這種對青春的崇拜,在大眾流行文化中如浪潮般推進的大量、多樣化,而且永遠不會衰老的形體,已經影響了現實人生,成為當今人們追求實現人工理想美的主要心理因素。動漫時代這種對青春不老的形像的集體記憶,在潛移默化當中,形成了21世紀新世代所崇尚的青春美學,不僅在創作上形成巨大的影響,更深刻地影響了整個時代普羅大眾的審美觀念。

第二點特徵是動漫美學的藝術裡,那些充滿了奇異和多變化的?事文本,賦予圖像一種強烈的?述性,使得圖像本身成為了表達的視覺語言。在21世紀數位化的環境裡,文字?述的轉換,變得更為多元、有趣,愈來愈多的訊息,透過圖像化的語言,來溝通和交流彼此的意念。卡通、動漫作品裡面,擬人化的造型,以及搭配的語言或文字的?事性,自然形成了扭曲或誇張的變形美學。回想19世紀末萌芽的現代藝術,在上一世紀初,全面朝向抽象風格的路線發展。即使是以語言?述為主的現代文學作品,也不能免俗地賣弄文字語意或結構方面的抽象性,經常解構話語敘事的完整面貌,以致讀者難以一窺全貌究竟。動漫美學藝術裡豐富的?事性文本,結合視覺圖像語言的大反撲,正是動漫美學藝術的第二種重要特徵。

動漫美學反映的第三點特徵,是由電子媒體帶來充滿空間的彩光,形成一種極為新穎的彩光藝術的視覺經驗。其實,從上一世紀中期開始,電子媒體作為影像傳播的載體,彩色光線在空間裡釋放、流動、充滿,在新世紀裡人類的共同經驗,不分人種、國籍的孩子們,幾乎都是在電視機和電腦前面成長的。他們接受到的資訊,所看到的影像,都是由光電所構成的色光所形成的絢麗美學,對於藝術家創作時選用的色彩,具有非常深遠的影響。

動漫美學藝術的第四點特徵,是一種動用大量的財力、人力、物力,跨領域互動協作所形成「異類合成(heterogeneity)」的新美學。有別於傳統的藝術創作,動漫美學的藝術製作,往往需要團隊的整合,以及專業分工的多重交疊的合作,跨領域的產業整合,是動漫美學藝術的特殊現象。而且,由動漫美學藝術產業所衍生的產品,種類之豐富,數量之龐大,涵蓋到民生用品、衣食住行,幾乎無所不包。所以,動漫美學藝術產業的產值,不僅在於藝術作品的本身,而是一個時代文化力量相加或相乘的總體。藝術的創作與行銷,將是全球化創意產業中極為重要的一環,這類藝術創作和大眾流行文化之間水乳交融,不再存有高、低位階之分的新時代,即是動漫美學藝術的新世紀。

動漫美學藝術的流行,創造了一種文化性的新產業,在亞洲各地蓬勃發展開來。這種深植於亞洲文化,以形式與創意交融產生的雜異動漫新美學,應該以藝術的原型視之,也就是說,雜異動漫新美學的本身就是原創,然後這股新創的動漫美學方向可以透過數位環境,迅速傳播到全世界。換言之,動漫美學的藝術已經成為新世紀全球藝壇最重要的創意來源之一。數位化科技,提供人類一種嶄新的存在事實,形成全新的觀看眼光,對藝術裡的感官視聽美學,當然會產生重大的影響。

數位化資訊,以數位代碼的關係存在,可以儲存、剔除、提取、結合、修正、複製、傳遞.....,人們所經歷的新視覺經驗,甚至不再需要擁有原本既存的真實:即所謂的「原件」。虛擬化的現實,完全可以由數據形成的圖像符號系統所建構,亦即是擬象(simulacrum)的拼貼、集合、排列、組合、抽取、分離的聚散過程,其過程本身成為一種新的現實。最近在網路世界走紅的「第二人生(Second Life)」網站,正是這種新現實的最佳寫照。

網路科技的發展,更加速造成一個不需要人的存在而界定為「真跡」的虛擬社會,數位化電子媒體,例如攝影機、影印機、錄影機、傳真機、印表機、掃瞄器、電腦、手機、MP3、MP4、遊戲機……等應用,已經成為當代生活中不可或缺的資訊媒介體,已經將視覺藝術引入「多媒體」之間相互媒介、運用的新次元(new dimension)。而網路上的交談模式,產生語言意念多層次的雜交,使得作者的概念混亂而難以確認,觀者可能輕易化身或僭越為作者,或將己見融入他人作品之中。真實的存在,和虛擬實境的相交,激發出繽紛詭奇的想像,豐富了每一個人的角色扮演。今日由動畫、漫畫所帶動的大量虛擬角色,構成變幻多端的視覺造型,通過各種延伸產品的渠道進入我們生活的實體,形成一個不再需要真人為原型的第三者的人生,超越了由人身為模擬的「第二人生」網路擬人化的人生,而由動漫藝術角色的本身,直接由虛擬角色建構起「第三人生」。這個「第三人生」的所有角色,是青春不老的,是人類的第一人生所達不到的不死、不滅的永�盚狾a。

視覺藝術從點、線、面的二維空間,發展到立體的三維空間,亦即是藝術傳統中對繪畫與雕塑的概念。然而運用數位多媒體的操作,形成高效能地傳達語言意念(linguistic conceit)的虛擬空間,所構成的虛擬的二維、三維的數位空間,往往必需以互動的關係來傳達數位化的視覺語言。這種超越了實體存在、可以觸摸的多元化虛擬的新次元,而純粹以數位技術所形成的異類合成新美學的虛擬化現實, 因為互動而必需結合時間的元素,使得這種進行式的虛擬化新次元,構成數位式存在的第四維空間。本人這次在台北國父紀念館,為動漫藝術館館藏所策畫的預展,在動漫美學的四大特徵以外,提出3L4D的新概念,認為新世紀的重要藝術發展,是一個在虛擬的第三人生當中,持續進行的第四維空間。

所以,動漫美學的藝術作品,不僅僅是動畫或漫畫的本身而已,動漫美學的藝術,是一種面對新世紀審美態度的比較全面化概念。
動漫美學的藝術,是超越藝術的藝術,是超越了時間性的時間,是空間之外的空間,是超越人生的生命。

動漫美學的藝術是,一種記錄我們在虛擬實境中,所創造第三人生的藝術,也同時是存在於所有電子媒體和數位世界的第四維空間。

 
陸蓉之
 
 
 
3L4D ─ 3rd Life 4th Dimension
 

I first came up with the concept of 3L4D for the 2004 Fiction Love exhibition at MOCA Taipei. After that first exhibit, I made three revisions, for exhibits in Hangzhou and Beijing. In 2006, another Fiction Love was held at MOCA Shanghai, following which it toured to the National Museum of Singapore and to two French cities this spring as part of the “Animanga” exhibit. Since 2004, I have made nine revisions, including for the recent “1st Animamix Biennial at MOCA Shanghai” and now for “3L4D----3rd Life 4th Dimension” in Taipei, which is a preview of Animamix Art Museum. There are always some changes in every exhibit. It is like an organic life—the change comes from the growth itself. It is change that brings about growth.

The “Animamix” serial exhibits launched in 2004 are a research exhibit that I have been promoting. A feature article in a 2006 MOCA Shanghai publication identifies four characteristics in Animamix. First, the forms of Animamix in popular culture center on the worship of youth and youthfulness. An idealization of the beauty of youth is not restricted just to animation, cartoons and comics, it has created a large amount of diversified and forever-young forms in popular culture, and thus has implications for reality, becoming one of the psychological factors in the pursuit of an ideal form of artificial beauty. The collective memory of perfect young forms changes subtly, and leads to the much-worshiped youth aesthetics of the 21st century. It not only influences art creations greatly, but more profoundly influences an entire generation’s appreciation of beauty.

Second, the narrative scripts, full of surprises and diversity, transform the images into a visual language by making them strongly descriptive. In the digital environment of the 21st century, written description has become more diversified, more interesting and packed with much more information. Through the use of visual language, the exchange of ideas becomes possible. The personified appearances, along with language and words in a cartoon or animation, naturally become part of the distorted, exaggerated deformed aesthetics. Consider modern art, which began to emerge in the late-19th century. It started to develop towards abstractionism early in the last century. Even in modern literature, which relies mainly on linguistic description, abstractionism inevitably influences words and structure, and as a result, makes it hard for readers to get the whole picture upon first reading. Abundant descriptive scripts combined with visual language are the second characteristic of Animamix.

The third characteristic is that the colorful lights in the electronic media provide the opportunity to create an extremely novel colorful visual experience of light. In fact, since the mid-20th century, when electronic media became the main means of communication, colorful lights have been released in the media, flowing in space. In this new century, every child, regardless of ethnicity or nationality, grows up with TV sets and computers. The information and the images they see are formed by colorful lights, and these ubiquitous lights profoundly impacts artists’ selection of colors.

The fourth characteristic is heterogeneity resulting from the interaction and intermingling of large amounts of money, as well as of people and resources from strikingly different fields. A new form of aesthetics has thus been created. Different from traditional art creations, the production of Animamix usually requires teamwork as well as division of labor, cooperation as well as cross-sector industrial integration. This is unique to Animamix. Moreover, the fact that the derivatives offered by the Animamix industry are vast in variety and number, while covering all kinds of daily necessities, expands its output value beyond the artwork itself, and thus becoming a multiplied cultural power. The creation and marketing of art will play an enormous role in the global creative industry. This form of art creation will co-exist in harmony with popular culture in an era with no hierarchy, that is, a new era of Animamix.

The popularity of Animamix has given rise to a new cultural industry that has started to prosper in Asia. Rooted in Asian culture, Animamix is itself a mixture of forms and creativity, and it should be viewed as an original creation. These new forms of creation are being spread to the rest of the world through digital media. In other words, the art of Animamix has become one of the most important origins of creativity in the global art arena of this new century. Digital technology is a new reality; it helps us develop new ways to appreciate arts, and has become vital in visual and audio aesthetics.

Digital information, comprised of numbers, allows us to save, delete, extract, combine, revise, copy and send data. In this entirely new visual experience, we no longer need primary reality, or the “script”; instead, a virtual reality is constructed through images and symbols formed by numbers. This is a process of creation, collection, arrangement, extraction, and separation of simulacrum. The process itself is a new reality. The “Second Life” website, which has recently gained popularity, is a prime example of this new reality.

Internet technology has sped up the development of a virtual society and of digital telecommunication Today, video cameras, copy machines, fax machines, printers, scanners, computers, cell phones, MP3 players, MP4, game machines have all become essential to the information media. They have led visual arts into a new dimension, that of “multimedia.” Online chatting allows multiple layers of thoughts among net surfers, making it hard to distinguish their ideas. The audience could easily shift to someone else or they could interpret artworks by themselves. The interaction between reality and virtual reality stimulates the imagination and diversifies everyone’s personalities. Today, many virtual characters from the world of animation and comics have become active and present in our daily life in the form of a wide variety of products. They have become a third entity that does not rely on the original form, bypassing “Second Life,” which imitates human forms, and jumping into the “Third Life”, where they are immortal. Unlike human forms, their existence is eternal and everlasting.

The relationship of 2D and 3D in visual art can be likened to that of painting to sculpture. With the use of multimedia, a virtual space is formed, where linguistic conceit is efficiently expressed. In digital 2D or 3D, interaction is often required to use the digital visual language. The new dimension, where you can actually touch things, transcends actual existence and simply utilizes digital technology to virtualize reality. Interaction takes time, thereby creating a 4D space in this ever-progressing virtual space. My current exhibit at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is a preview of the Animamix Art Museum. In addition to these four aforementioned characteristics, I would also like to put forward a new concept of 3L4D: it is the art development of the new century, taking place in the “Third Life” of the “Fourth Dimension.”

The art pieces of Animamix are not restricted to animation or comics; they represent a more comprehensive concept of art appreciation in the new century.

Animamix art is beyond art, beyond time, beyond space, and beyond life. It is a record of the art of the “Third Life” that we create in the virtual reality. It is also the “Fourth Dimension,” which exists in all forms of electronic media and throughout the digital world.
(Translated by Chi-shen Lee& Charlene L. Fu)

 
Victoria Lu